未来建筑调查 

Architectural Survey in the Future

 科技改变了我们从事、研究和保护建筑物的方法。科技革新也使数字化勘测的手段成为可能。激光扫描仪、无人机、3D打印以及人工智能的应用也赋予我们一种新的形式，去汲取过去的建筑学知识，并将其运用到未来中去。

只有对历史沉淀下来的建筑价值的真正含义有了细致的理解，我们才能为后代守护好它们。如今这些最具创新意义的科技手段已经顺利完成了一体化，并在古罗马富丽堂皇的渡槽设施——德拉瓦莱大桥（位于今意大利）的勘测工作中得到运用。

建筑学勘测的重要性在于，我们需要充分认识先前的建筑学中那些至关重要的物质元素，以便将其完好地馈赠给我们的后代。勘测文化遗产的工作理念中最主要的一点是透过建筑物的表面，去深刻感受它背后那些肉眼无法察觉的环境因素，正是这些因素凝聚成了诸如桥梁、水坝、码头、运河、游乐场以及园林等等的颇具历史意义的建筑物。本项案例研究的重点是德拉瓦莱大桥这一饱含纪念意义的景观，它是万维泰利水道桥的一部分，而该水道桥是由建筑师路易吉·万维泰利于1762年奉费迪南多二世之命构思、设计并建造的。

这位建筑师以罗马渡槽为模板设计了加尔桥（公元前十九年），并于十七世纪设计了法国的曼特农渡槽。而其中的塞哥维亚渡槽（可追溯至公元前二世纪至一世纪）更为引人瞩目，不仅因为它建筑风格独特，更因为它修建于西班牙——波旁王朝的发源地。

这座建筑后来成为了整个渡槽系统的标志，前来拜视其宏伟规模的游客络绎不绝。整座桥全长529米，高58.08米。拱门共有90个，包括底层19个、第二层28个以及第三层43个。排水沟则设置于第三层。万维泰利在第二层和第三层的每个桥墩上都设计了横穿桥塔的小巧开口，以便工人们自由穿梭其中，进行修建与保养工作。

德拉瓦莱大桥凭借其规模宏大的构造，一跃成为当时欧洲最大的棚桥。即便到了今天，这项工程的魅力与辉煌也毫不褪色。它如今依然屹立于峡谷中，为卡塞塔皇宫那富有万维泰利复杂特色的皇家花园源源不断地输送着水流。同样，它标新立异的风格使先进的勘测方法大展身手。

数字建模手段可凭借无人机收集的图片，把模型假设变成现实。换句话说，它能够为现实中的建筑物制作一个可用于高精度3D打印的复制模板。

3D模型技术就像航行于梦想与现实间的一艘巨轮，以虚拟环境为航道，以人工智能为罗盘。是科技，让这一切成. 

Technology is changing our way to work, study and preserve architecture. This revolution deals with the processes that allow to make digital surveys. The use of laser scanners, drone, 3D-print and artificial intelligence is the way to discover new scenarios in learning from architecture of the past and transmitting these values to the future.

Only a careful understanding of the meaning of architectural values of building from the past may push us to preserve and protect them for the future generations.

An integration of the most innovative technologies has been conducted to survey a magnificent aqueduct of Roman inspiration: Ponti della Valle (Italy).

The need for architectural survey derives from the desire to identify the significant physical elements of our past in order to preserve and protect them for the future generations. The main work of architecture disciplines of surveying cultural heritage must look beyond the physical aspects of buildings to look deeply to other invisible aspects of the built environment that combine to form our historic fabric, such as bridges and dams, wharves and ships, canals, fabrics, parks and gardens, etc.

This case study is centered on the monumental site of Ponti della Valle which is part of the Carolino Aqueduct  that was conceived, designed and built by the architect Luigi Vanvitelli, in 1762 under commission of the King Carlo di Borbone.

The architect used Roman aqueducts as a model for the design of the Ponti: the Pont du Gard (19 BC), and the 17th century Maintenon aqueduct, in France. Particular attention was given to the aqueduct of Segovia (dating to the 1st and 2nd centuries BC) both for its architectural features and because it was built in Spain, the birthplace of the Bourbon dynasty.

The building became the emblem of the entire Aqueduct. Numerous visitors came to admire the massive structure. The bridge is 529 m long and 58.08 m high. It has 90 arches: 19 on the ground floor, 28 on the first floor and 43 on the second floor where the waterway is located. Within each pillar of the first and second floors, Vanvitelli designed small openings across the entire pylon from side to side to allow workers to move freely during construction and maintenance.

At that time, the Ponti di Valle was the largest covered bridge in Europe due to the size of the structure. The whole work retains all its charm and splendor even today. It stands in the valley and continues its water transport work to the royal gardens of the Vanvitellian complex of the Royal Palace of Caserta. Because of its peculiarities, this architecture has allowed the application of technologically advanced surveying methods.

From the pictures captured by drones, the digital architecture modeling has made it possible to obtain an interrogative model: a copy of the reality that is printable in three dimensions with a high degree of accuracy.

3D models are a passage between reality and imagination: navigating in virtual environments, communicating with artificial intelligence are experiences made possible by modern technologies.